What is gum disease?
Plaque that accumulates around teeth and gums can cause inflammation. In its early stages gum disease may affect only the gums; at a more advanced stage, damage to the tissues supporting the tooth may occur. Bleeding, redness, swelling or bad breath are signs that may require assessment. However, a diagnosis cannot be made from symptoms alone.
Risk and examination
The dentist examines the gums and tissues around the teeth and may use pocket measurements or X-rays if necessary. Smoking, diabetes and some other conditions can affect gum health. Tell your dentist about bleeding, medical conditions and medications. Regular check-ups are important for identifying problems and planning suitable care.
Treatment options
Treatment varies according to the stage of disease. Removal of tartar and plaque, cleaning below the gums, adjustments to daily care and, in some cases, additional procedures may be considered. Surgery may also be considered in advanced cases. The required treatment is decided after examination; no single method is suitable for everyone.
Home care and when to seek help
Brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and cleaning between the teeth with suitable tools help control plaque. Continue the check-ups recommended by your dentist and ask for support to stop using tobacco if applicable. Seek a dental assessment if your gums bleed persistently, are swollen or painful, or if a tooth is loose.
Should bleeding be considered normal?
Repeated bleeding during brushing should be assessed; trying to resolve it simply by brushing harder or less often may not be appropriate. Ask your dentist how to care for your mouth. Because changes in the gums may have different causes, share how long the problem has lasted and which medicines you take. Do not delay seeking care if you have swelling, pain or a feeling that a tooth is moving. Depending on the examination, follow-up intervals and cleaning tools for home use are tailored to the individual. Following the dentist’s care plan and reporting changes you notice in your gums can make follow-up easier. Writing down questions before your appointment may make the discussion easier.
This content is for general information; diagnosis and treatment options depend on an individual examination.